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class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2023-04-23T04:09:57.099Z" title="更新于 2023-04-23 12:09:57">2023-04-23</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/">教程</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.1k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="操作系统安装参考-Windows"><i class="far fa-eye 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href="https://www.bookrest.top/2022/11/PC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%8C%87%E5%8C%97/">PC 操作系统安装指北 | 书歇于此 (bookrest.top)</a></p>
</div>
<blockquote>
<p>我们首先明确一点，在个人计算机（person computer）中安装操作系统，本质上是告诉主板如何寻找并启动操作系统相关文件。</p>
<p>因此，操作系统的安装，宏观上是两步 —— 引导文件的写入和操作环境的展开（我们可以把镜像文件看成压缩文件，环境展开即是镜像文件解压缩）。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="0-前言">0 前言</h2>
<p>使用该方案的前提如下，需要检查是否满足：</p>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>已经拥有一个可以正常运行的系统（可以开机）；</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>能够联网（使用浏览器访问外部资源）；</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>当前系统的合法用户（能够设置密码和安装软件）</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>在升级或迁移的条件下，可选方案有：</p>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>官方方案</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>PE方案</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>引导启动盘方案</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="1-官方方案">1 官方方案</h2>
<p>Windows 微软官方有<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/software-download/windows10">集成化的下载安装工具</a> 。参考官方教程可完成安装。</p>
<h2 id="2-PE方案">2 PE方案</h2>
<h3 id="2-1-工具介绍">2.1 工具介绍</h3>
<p>PE, 是预安装环境（Preinstallation Environment）的英文首字母缩写，由于现代操作系统的绝大部分份额为 Windows 系统，因此 PE 主要是 Windows PE（简称 WinPE）。</p>
<p>在众多第三方编写的<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>、具有丰富功能性的WinPE种，笔者推荐<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.wepe.com.cn/download.html">微PE工具箱</a> 和 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.upe.net/">优启通</a> 。考虑到优启通过大(900+MB)，简单安装系统更推荐微PE（虽然，微 PE 也有 200M+)。</p>
<p>所需准备：</p>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>微PE安装软件</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>系统镜像文件（推荐从微软官方下载，也称磁盘映像文件，格式为 ISO）</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-2-安装PE">2.2 安装PE</h3>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>下载微PE软件</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>打开<code>wepe.exe</code> 文件</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>安装微PE</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://z4a.net/image/VuIGl0"><img src= "/img/hexo_loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://z4a.net/images/2023/04/22/wepe1.md.png" alt="微PE安装界面"></a></p>
<div class="note info simple"><p>微 PE 支持<code>安装进系统</code>、<code>安装到U盘</code>、<code>安装到移动硬盘</code>、<code>生成可启动ISO</code> 四种方式。</p>
<p>在无 U 盘，且打算将系统安装在新的硬盘（比如说原先系统在机械硬盘，现在想换到固态硬盘）的话，直接选择<code>安装进系统</code>即可。因为之后旧系统和 PE 都不需要了，可以在迁移该盘文件后，直接对该盘进行格式化。</p>
</div>
<h3 id="2-3-启动PE">2.3 启动PE</h3>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>设置、系统、恢复、恢复选项 - 高级启动、立即重新启动；</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>设置、Windows 更新、高级选项、其他选项 - 恢复、恢复选项 - 高级启动、立即重新启动</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>使用其他操作系统、微PE工具箱</p>
<h3 id="2-4-分区-迁移或安装系统">2.4 分区 | 迁移或安装系统</h3>
<p>进入微PE后，打开无损分区助手，对新硬盘进行分区：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://z4a.net/image/VuI5DP"><img src= "/img/hexo_loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://z4a.net/images/2023/04/22/disktool.md.jpg" alt="傲梅分区助手"></a></p>
<p>如果仅是将系统从机械硬盘迁移到固态硬盘，可以直接使用分区助手提供的工具。如果是将新的、尚未格式化的硬盘用作系统盘，直接分区（如果需要的话，不然可以直接格式化）即可自动生成引导分区（EFI PART，文件系统一般为 fat16 或 fat32，无盘符是正常的）。</p>
<p>注意，傲梅分区助手实行的是提交 - 执行制，即选择确认操作后，还需点击左上角的 “提交”。方可执行。（此设计旨在避免用户误操作）</p>
<p>打开Windows安装器</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://z4a.net/image/VuIK2T"><img src= "/img/hexo_loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://z4a.net/images/2023/04/22/setuptool.md.jpg" alt="Windows安装器"></a></p>
<div class="note warning simple"><ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>Windows 安装文件，即上面所说的系统镜像文件</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>引导驱动器的位置，即上面分区所分出的 fat32 空间，必须保证旁边的 EFI PART 灯为绿色。</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>安装驱动器的位置，即新系统将要安装在哪个硬盘上。</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<h3 id="2-5-引导启动盘方案">2.5 引导启动盘方案</h3>
<p>无操作系统的电脑如何安装操作系统？答案是启动盘。<strong>启动盘</strong> 在这里不是专指早期购买的 Windows 正版光碟，而是指那些通过烧录<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>技术写入系统镜像文件和引导启动操作的存储媒介。</p>
<p>推荐启动盘制作工具：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://rufus.ie/zh/">Rufus - 轻松创建 USB 启动盘</a></p>
<hr class="footnotes-sep">
<section class="footnotes">
<ol class="footnotes-list">
<li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p>微软官方 PE 整合在 media creation tool 中；Linux 的发行版一般没有 PE，是通过烧录（可以理解为全方面的复制）引导启动盘实现安装的。 <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p>早期系统安装光盘都是只读的，也就是说数据是激光在光盘上蚀刻记录数据的，这种激光蚀刻，称为烧录。现在延续这种说法，指全方面的绝对的复制（一般复制无法复制系统文件日志等信息）。 <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
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class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#0-%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">0 前言</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1 官方方案</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-PE%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">2 PE方案</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.1 工具介绍</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85PE"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.2 安装PE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-3-%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8PE"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.3 启动PE</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-4-%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA-%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB%E6%88%96%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.4 分区 | 迁移或安装系统</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-5-%E5%BC%95%E5%AF%BC%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E7%9B%98%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88"><span class="toc-number">3.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.5 引导启动盘方案</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/notes/dockerNotes/" title="Docker备忘笔记"><img src= "/img/hexo_loading.gif" 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